10kV架空线路常见故障及防范措施

从10kV架空线路的常见故障类型进行分析,并对10kV架空线路的反事故防范措施进行探讨,提高10kV架空线路的安全运行水平,提高供电可靠性。     

择伐对小兴安岭地区针阔混交林土壤呼吸温度敏感性的影响

利用LI8100土壤二氧化碳排放通量全自动测量系统,测定小兴安岭地区针阔混交林不同强度择伐后4年的林地土壤呼吸速率和土壤温度。运用Q10模型分析择伐后林地土壤呼吸速率对土壤温度的敏感性。结果表明:择伐后林地Q10值高于未采伐林地,较高强度(60%,71%)的择伐使土壤呼吸速率对土壤温度具有高的敏感性。这一现象是3个土壤各组分呼吸对土壤温度响应综合作用的结果。枯枝落叶层呼吸速率对土壤温度的敏感性较差,根呼吸速率和矿质土壤层呼吸速率对土壤温度的敏感性较高。     

集约经营雷竹林土壤呼吸年动态变化规律及其影响因子

在浙江临安市雷竹主产区定位监测1年内土壤各组分呼吸动态。结果表明:雷竹林地土壤总呼吸速率、土壤生物异养呼吸速率及根系自养呼吸速率的年平均值分别为5.42,2.24和2.89μmolCO2·m-2s-1;1年中分别在2和7月出现土壤呼吸峰值;雷竹林地土壤年释放CO2量为73.40t·hm-2a-1,其中林地异养呼吸和自养呼吸分别占总呼吸的45.67%和54.33%;土壤呼吸、土壤生物异养呼吸和土壤根系自养呼吸均与土壤温度呈明显的指数关系,以土壤5cm深处温度为依据得到的温度系数(Q10值)分别为1.70,1.86和1.48,土壤总呼吸与土深5cm处土温、8:00气温、土壤水溶性有机碳含量和土壤总有机碳含量呈显著正相关(P<0.01),而土壤含水量、8:00大气相对湿度和土壤水溶性有机碳含量与土壤呼吸无显著相关性。     

石家庄市园林绿地滞尘效益评估

为了评价石家庄城市园林绿地吸附空气中悬浮颗粒物,进而减少其对人体健康危害的影响,采用大气污染物干沉降通量模型和暴露—反应关系模型定量评估了2013年石家庄市园林植物吸附PM10与PM2.5总量及产生的健康效益。结果表明:石家庄市园林绿地吸附PM10的总量为13813.4 t/a,吸附PM2.5的总量为6974.6 t/a,导致减少死亡11.58人/d,呼吸系统入院32.12人/d,折合经济价值每年约为19.5亿元,占国民生产总值的4.3‰。该结果为园林绿化植物降低大气颗粒物污染、优化人类生存环境及城市园林绿化规划提供了理论依据。     

Molecular genetic characterisation of the Asc locus of tomato conferring resistance to the fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici

The Alternaria stem canker disease of tomato is caused by the fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici and its host-selective AAL-toxins. Resistance to the pathogen and insensitivity to the toxins are conferred by the Asc locus on chromosome 3L. Sensitivity to AAL-toxins is a relative character; the toxins inhibit development of all tested tomato tissues but susceptible cultivars are much more sensitive than resistant cultivars. In addition to tomato, some other plant and animal species are sensitive to the toxins as well. The likely mode of action of AAL-toxins is interference with sphingolipid biosynthesis by specific inhibition of ceramide synthase activity. To molecularly isolate Asc, transposon tagging and positional cloning strategies are applied. As a first step, transposon insertions and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers are identified in proximity of the Asc locus. Subsequently, the transposons are used to inactivate Asc by insertion mutagenesis, and the RFLP markers are used to identify yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) with tomato DNA inserts. Once an Asc-insertion mutant and/or a YAC encompassing Asc has been obtained, physical isolation and characterisation of Asc will be conceivable. Elucidation of the molecular role of Asc will illuminate the specificity of host recognition by Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici.Abbreviations AAL-toxin Alternaria alternata lycopersici-toxin - A. a. lycopersici Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici - Asc Alternaria stem canker - HST host-selective toxin     

Genetic variation in bitter pit and fruit calcium concentrations within a diverse apple germplasm collection

Summary Genetic variability in the apple [Malus] fruit disorder bitter pit and fruit calcium concentrations ([Ca]) was determined in 25 seedling families at each of two sites from 1999 to 2000 and again for one site, in 2001. Most trees were free of pit or had low pit incidence, which could be approximated by an over-dispersed binomial distribution. A genetic component to external and internal pit incidence was found across both sites and all years. This effect was irrespective of the use of several cropping factors, average fruit weight or fruit mineral concentrations as covariates in the analyses. Year and/or site always had substantial effects on pit incidence. Interactions of genetic effects with site or year were also detected with large differences in mean pit incidence between sites or years for some families but not others. No relationship was found between mean family pit incidence and mean family [Ca] or mean family harvest date. However fruit [Ca] and harvest date were usually important predictors of within-family variation in pit incidence. For any one seedling, family had the largest effect on bitter pit incidence followed by site and [Ca] and the smallest effect was that of harvest date. [Ca] showed a strong genetic component and estimated family means of [Ca] were consistent at different sites and years. These results suggest that susceptibility of apple genotypes to bitter pit in breeding programmes may be best assessed through screening across multiple sites and seasons. Fruit [Ca] might be useful as an indirect selection index for bitter pit within, but not among families.     

黑糯玉米新品种晋糯10号优质高效栽培技术

晋糯10号是山西省农科院玉米研究所2008年以自选系N2-1作母本、自选系hN1作父本杂交育成的中早熟黑糯玉米杂交种。经2012—2013年的品比、生产试验,2014年5月由山西省农作物品种审定委员会审定通过,审定编号为晋审玉2014020。该品种适宜在中早熟区种植。     

The effect of major dwarfing genes on yield potential in spring wheats

Summary A composite convergent cross of 16 spring wheat parents produced a set of unselected progeny lines among which the major dwarfing genes, Rht1, Rht2 and Rht3, were distributed against a common random genetic background. Random subsets of these lines were grown under irrigation and optimal conditions in 4 experiments with replicated bordered plots in southern New South Wales in order to measure the dwarfing gene effect on yield potential. The dwarfing gene composition of each line was determined by test crossing and seedling responsiveness to gibberellic acid.Lodging was negligible in the two experiments in 1982. While present in the two in 1983, it was not strongly associated with yield. Grain yield levels were appropriately high (mean 5.9 t/ha). In all but 1 experiment the Rht1+Rht2 dwarf genotypes gave highest yields while the Rht3 group yielded on average 3% lower, Rht2 9% lower, Rht1 11% lower, and the non-dwarf or tall group yielded 24% lower. These yield differences were positively associated with harvest index, kernels per m² and kernels per spike, but negatively associated with mature plant height. Even within major dwarfing gene classes, grain yield was significantly and negatively associated with height.     

结核分枝杆菌CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白的真核表达及其牛结核病诊断价值评价

本研究旨在利用毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)系统融合表达结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)的培养滤液蛋白10(culture filter protein 10,CFP10)和早期分泌抗原靶6蛋白(earlier secreted antigen target 6,ESAT6),并评价其作为牛结核病外周血γ-干扰素(interferon gamma,IFN-γ)体外释放实验特异性刺激剂来诊断牛结核病的应用潜能.通过PCR扩增cfp1 0-esat6融合基因,构建pPICZα A-(cfp10-esat6)重组质粒,电转化毕赤酵母GSll5,添加甲醇至终浓度1.0％,诱导3d,取培养上清进行SDS-PAGE分析,镍离子金属螯合亲和层析柱纯化目的蛋白,Western blot分析重组蛋白的免疫反应性;取纯化的融合蛋白CFP10-ESAT6作为刺激剂用于牛结核病外周血IFN-γ体外释放实验,评价其牛结核病诊断价值.结果表明,目的蛋白(33kD)被成功分泌表达,该融合蛋白与抗CFP10、ESAT6、组氨酸标签和c-Myc4种单抗均发生特异性反应,具有较好的免疫反应性.165份奶牛外周血样品的IFN-γ检测结果表明,CFP 10-ESAT6融合蛋白与结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(purified protein derivative,PPD)作为刺激剂,二者阳性符合率为82.3％,阴性符合率为78.8％.本研究利用酵母表达系统成功表达CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白,并表现出更高的生物学活性,在牛结核病外周血IFN-γ体外释放实验中可作为候选刺激剂,并能克服混合感染导致的PPD漏检问题,从而进一步提高检测的敏感性和特异性.     

甘蓝黑腐病菌rPf基因簇对胞外蛋白酶Ⅰ基因表达的调控

甘蓝黑腐病黄单胞菌（ＸａｎｔｈｏｍｏｎａｓｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓＰｖ．ｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓ）产生的胞外蛋白酶Ⅰ在致病的早期阶段起重要作用，该酶以及其它胞外酶和胞外多糖的合成受一致病因子调控基因簇（ｒＰｆ基因簇）的正向调控。本研究利用带有β－半乳糖苷酶报道基因（ｌａｃＺ）的转座子Ｔｎ５－Ｂ２０诱变蛋白酶Ⅰ基因克隆，获得了ｌａｃＺ在蛋白酶Ⅰ基因启动子控制下表达的Ｔｎ５－Ｂ２０插入突变质粒。通过将这种突变质粒导入野生型和各ｒｐｆ基因突变体菌株后，测定ｌａｃＺ基因在细胞生长周期中的表达水平，不仅进一步证实了这些ｒｐｆ基因对蛋白酶Ⅰ基因的正向调控作用，而且明确了它们的调控水平．发现ｒｐｆＡ、ｒｐｆＣ、ｒｐｆＥ、ｒｐｆＧ或ｒｐｆＨ突变后，蛋白酶Ⅰ基因的转录会降低９０％左右，而ｒｐｆＢ突变后，蛋白酶Ⅰ基因的转录只降低４８％。